Khattak O, Raidullah E, Francis ML. A comparative assessment of the accuracy of electronic apex locator (Root ZX) in the presence of commonly used irrigating solutions. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014;6(1):e41-6.

 

doi:10.4317/jced.51230

http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/jced.51230

 

References

1. Ingle JI, Himel VT, Hawrish CE, Glickman GE. Endodontic cavity preparation. In: Ingle IJ, Bakland LK, editors. Endodontics. 5th ed. Elsevier India: B.C. Decker; 2003. pp. 405-70.                                                                                                                                                                           

                                                                     

2. Grove CJ The value of the dentinocemental junction in pulp canal surgery. Journal of Dental Research. 1931;11:466-8.   

                                                                     

3. Forsberg J. Radiographic reproduction of endodontic "working length" comparing the paralleling and bisecting-angle techniques. Oral Surg. 1987;64:353.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(87)90017-X                                                          

PMID: 3477751

                                                                     

4. Olson AK, Goerig AC, et al. The ability of the radiograph to determine the location of the apical foramen. Int Endod J. 1991;24:28.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1991.tb00867.x

PMid:1917086                                                     

                                                                      

5. Vande Voorde H, Bjorndahl A. Estimating endodontic "working length" with paralleling radiographs. Oral Surg. 1969;27:106.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(69)90037-1                                                          

PMID: 5249154

                                                                     

6. Cox VS, Brown CE, Bricker SL. Radiographic interpretation of endodontic file length. Oral Surg. 1972;72:340.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(91)90230-A                                                          

PMID: 1923424

                                                                     

7. Eckerboom M, Magnusson T. Evaluation of technical quality of endodontic treatmentreliability of intra-oral radiographs. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1997;13:259.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1997.tb00052.x                                                                  

PMID: 9558506

                                                                     

8. Bhakdinarenk A, Manson-Hing LR. Effect of radiographic technique upon the prediction of tooth length in intraoral radiography. Oral Surg. 1981;51:100.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(81)90132-8                                                          

PMID: 6936683

                                                                     

9. Teo CS, Chan NC, Loh HS. The position of the apical foramen of the permanent incisors. Aust Dent J. 1988;33:51.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1988.tb00628.x

PMid:3044307                                                     

                                                                     

10. Mandel E. Obturation canalaire et position du foramen apical. Rev Franc Endod. 1983;31:49.                                                       

                                                                     

11. Shearer AC, Horner K, Wilson NHF. Radiovisiography for length estimation in root canal treatment: an in vitro comparison with conventional radiography. Int Endod J. 1991;24:233.

PMid:1813427                                                     

                                                                     

Ricucci D, Langeland K. Apical limit of root canal instrumentation and obturation, part 2. A histological study. Int Endod J. 1998;31:394-409.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.1998.00183.x

PMid:15551607                                                                   

                                                                     

12. Gordon MPJ, Chandler NP. Electronic apex locators. Int Endod J. 2004;37:425-37.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2004.00835.x

PMid:15189431                                                                   

                                                                     

13. Suzuki K. Experimental study on iontophoresis. Japanese Journal of Stomatology. 1942;16:411-29.                                                            

                                                                     

14. Sunada I. New method for measuring the length of the root canal. Journal of Dental Research. 1962;41:375-87.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345620410020801                                                     

                                                                     

15. Fouad AF, Reid LC. Effect of using electronic apex locators on selected endodontic treatment parameters. J Endod. 2000;26:364-7.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200006000-00013

PMid:11199756                                                                   

                                                                     

16. Aurelio JA, Nahmias Y, Gerstein H. A model for demonstrating an electronic canal length measuring device. JOE. 1983;9:568.

PMid:6581263                                                     

                                                                     

17. Nahmias Y, Aurelio JA, Gerstein H. An in vitro model for evaluation of electronic root canal measuring devices. JOE. 1987;13:209.

PMid:3473176                                                     

                                                                     

18. Donnelly JC. A simplified model to demonstrate the operation of electronic root canal measuring devices. JOE. 1993;19:579.

PMid:8151250                                                     

                                                                     

19. Czerw RJ, Fulkerson MS, Donnelly JC.An in vitro test of a simplified model to demonstrate the operation of an electronic root canal measuring device. JOE. 1994;20:605.

PMid:7759988                                                     

                                                                     

20. Fouad AF, Krell KV. An in vitro comparison of five root canal length measuring instruments. JOE. 1989;15:577. 

PMID: 2639957                                  

                                                                     

21. Kaufman AY, Katz A. Reliability of Root ZX apex locator tested by an in vitro model [abstract]. JOE. 1993;19:201.                                                                      

                                                                     

22. Falchetta M, Castellucci A. In vitro evaluation and clinical impressions of the electronic apex locator Root ZX. G Ital Endod. 1993;4:173.                                                           

                                                                     

23. Kaufman AY, Fuchs M, Freidman S, et al. An in vitro model for practicing the use of nickel titanium files with combined automated engine devices using a built-in apex locator. [In preparation].                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

                                                                     

24. Olson AK, Goerig AC, Cavataio RE, Luciano J. The ability of the radiograph to determine the location of the apical foramen. Int Endod J. 1991;24:28.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1991.tb00867.x

PMid:1917086                                                     

                                                                     

25. Kobayashi C, Okiji T, Kawashima N, et al. A basic study on the electronic root canal length measurement. Part 3. Newly designed electronic root canal length measuring device using division method. Jpn J Conserv Dent. 1991;34:1442.                                                                      

                                                                     

26. Kobayashi C, Suda H. New electronic canal measuring device based on the ratio method. JOE. 1994;20:111.

PMid:7996080                                                     

                                                                     

27. Chopra V, Grover S, Prasad SD. In vitro evaluation of the accuracy of two electronic apex locators. J Conserv Dent. 2008;11:82–5.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.44056

PMid:20142890 PMCid:PMC2813092                                                      

                                                                     

28. Higa RA, Adorno CG, Ebrahim AK, Suda H. Distance from file tip to the major apical foramen in relation to the numeric meter reading on the display of three different electronic apex locators. Int Endod J. 2009;42:1065-70.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01629.x

PMid:19912376                                                                   

                                                                     

29. Donnelly JC. A simplified model to demonstrate the operation of electronic root canal measuring devices. J Endod. 1993;19:579-80. 

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81292-6                                                        

 PMID: 8151250

                                                                     

30. J Morita corp. Fully automatic root canal length measuring device. Root ZX operation instructions. 2000:1-9.                                        

                                                                     

31. Menezes JVNB. Estudo in vitro do grau de fidelidade de tˇcnicas de odontometria em molares dec’duos [Master's thesis]. Florian—polis: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; 1999.                                                                                                                                                 

                                                                     

32. Ingle JI, Himel VT, Hawrish CE, Glickman GE. Endodontic cavity preparation. In: Ingle IJ, Bakland LK, editors. Endodontics. 5th ed. Elsevier India: B.C. Decker; 2003. pp. 405-570.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                     

33. Kim E, Lee SJ. Electronic apex locator. Dent Clin North Am. 2004;48:35-54.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2003.10.005

PMid:15066506                                                                   

                                                                     

34. Gordon MPJ, Chandler NP. Electronic apex locators. Int Endod J. 2004;37:425-37.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2004.00835.x

PMid:15189431                                                                   

                                                                     

35. Ingle JI, Himel VT, Hawrish CE, Glickman GE. Endodontic cavity preparation. In: Ingle IJ, Bakland LK, editors. Endodontics. 5th ed. Elsevier India: B.C. Decker; 2003. pp. 405-570.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                     

36. Huang L. An experimental study of the principle of electronic root canal measurement. J Endodon. 1987;13:60-4.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(87)80156-5                                                        

PMID: 3470425

                                                                     

37. Peters OA, Schonenberger K, Laib A. Effects of four Ni-Ti preparation techniques on root canal geometry assessed by micro computed tomography. Int Endod J. 2001;34:221-30.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00373.x

PMid:12193268                                                                   

                                                                     

38. Barrette WC Jr, Hannum DM, Wheeler WD, et al. General mechanism for the bacterial toxicity of hypochlorous acid: abolition of ATP production. Biochemistry. 1989;28:9172-8.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00449a032                                                                 

PMID: 2557918

 

39. Russell AD, Day MJ. Antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine. J Hosp Infect. 1993;25:229-38.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(93)90109-D                                                          

 PMID: 7907620

                                                                     

40. Ferraz CC, Gomes BP, Zaia AA, et al. In vitro assessment of the antimicrobial action and the mechanical ability of chlorhexidine gel as an endodontic irrigant. J Endod. 2001;27:452-5.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200107000-00004

PMid:11503994                                                                   

                                                                     

41. Yesilsoy C, Whitaker E, Cleveland D, Phillips E, Trope M. Antimicrobial and toxic effects of established and potential root canal irrigants. J Endod. 1995;21:513-5.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)80524-8                                                        

PMID: 8596073

                                                                     

42. Jenkins JA, Walker WA, Schindler WG, Flores CH. An invitro evaluation of the accuracy of the Root ZX in the presence of various irrigants. J Endodon. 2001;27:209-11.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200103000-00018

PMid:11487154                                                                   

                                                                     

43. Ricard O, Roux D, Bourdeau L, Woda A. Clinical evaluation of the accuracy of the evident RCM Mark II apex locator. J Endodon. 1991;17:567-9.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81723-1                                                        

PMID: 1812206

                                                                     

44. Kim E, Lee SJ. Electronic apex locator. Dental Clinics of North America. 2004;48:35-54.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2003.10.005

PMid:15066506                                                                   

                                                                     

45. Fouad AF, Krell KV, McKendry DJ, Koorbusch GF, 46. Olson RA. A clinical evaluation of five electronic root-canal length measuring instruments. Journal of Endodontics. 1990;16:446-9.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81889-3                                                        

 PMID: 2098464

                                                                     

47. Jenkins JA, Walker WA, Schindler WG, Flores CM. An in vitro evaluation of the accuracy of the Root ZX in the presence of various irrigants. J Endod. 2001;27:209-11.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200103000-00018

PMid:11487154                                                                   

                                                                     

48. Vajrabhaya L, Tepmongkol P. Accuracy of apex locator. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1997;13:180-2.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1997.tb00035.x                                                                  

PMID: 9550044