Tziafas D, Alraeesi D,  Al Hormoodi R, Ataya M, Fezai H, Aga N. Preparation Prerequisites for Effective Irrigation of Apical Root Canal: A Critical Review. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9(10):e1256-63.

 

doi:10.4317/jced.54117

http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/jced.54117

 

References

1. Schäfer E. Vlassis M. Comparative investigation of two rotary nickel titanium Instruments: ProTaper versus Race. Part 2. Cleaning effectiveness and shaping ability in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth. Int. Endod J. 2004;37(4): 239-48.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0143-2885.2004.00783.x
PMid:15056350

 

2. Hülsmann M, Rümmelin C, Schäfers F. Root Canal cleanliness after preparation with different endodontic handpieces and hand instruments: a comparative SEM investigation. J Endod 1997;23(5): 301-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(97)80410-4

 

3. Guelzow A, Stamm O, Martus P, Kielbassa AM, Comparative study of six rotary nickel-titanium systems and hand instrumentation for root canal preparation. Int. Endod J 2005;38(10);743-52.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.01010.x
PMid:16164689

 

4. Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Wang Z, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Brit Dent Journal 2014;216(6): 299-303.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.204
PMid:24651335

 

5. Siqueira JR, Rocas IN. Clinical implications and microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedure. J Endod 2008:34:1291-301.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2008.07.028
PMid:18928835

 

6. Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Qian W, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am 2010;54:291–312.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2009.12.001
PMid:20433979

 

7. Rodrigues RCV, Zandi H, Kristoffersen AK, Enersen M, Mdala I, Ørstavik D, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr. Influence of the Apical Preparation Size and the Irrigant Type on Bacterial Reduction in Root Canal-treated Teeth with Apical Periodontitis. J Endod. 2017 (pii: S0099-2399(17)30160-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.02.004).

 

8. Park E, Shen Y, Khakpour M, Haapasalo M. Apical pressure and extent of irrigant flow beyond the needle tip during positive-pressure irrigation in an in vitro root canal model. J Endod 2013;39(4):511– 5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.12.004
PMid:23522547

 

9. van der Sluis L W, Gambarini G, Wu M K, Wesselink P R. The influence of volume, type of irrigant and flushing method on removing artificially placed dentine debris from the apical root canal during passive ultrasonic irrigation. Int Endod J 2006; 39: 472– 6.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01108.x
PMid:16674742

 

10. Boutsioukis C, Psimma Z, Kastrinakis The effect of flow rate and agitation technique on irrigant extrusion ex vivo. Int Endod J. 2014;47(5):487-96.
https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12176
PMid:24033564

 

11. Kerekes K, Tronstad L. Morphometric observations on root canals of human anterior teeth. J Endod 1977;3:24-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(77)80218-5

 

12. Wu MK, R'oris A, Barkis D, Wesselink PR. Prevalence and extent of long oval canals in the apical third. Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;89:739-43.
https://doi.org/10.1067/moe.2000.106344

 

13. Kerekes K, Tronstad L. Morphometric observations on root canals of human premolars. J Endod 1977;3:74-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(77)80019-8

 

14. Kerekes K, Tronstad L. Morphometric observations on root canals of human molars. J Endod 1977;3:115-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(77)80206-9

 

15. Martos J, Tatsch GH, Tatsch AC, Silveira LF, Ferrer-Luque CM. Anatomical evaluation of the root canal diameter and root thickness on the apical third of mesial roots of molars. Anat Sci Int 2011;86:146–50.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-011-0102-1
PMid:21409526

 

16. Leoni GB, Versiani MA, Pecora JD, de Sousa-Neto MD. Micro–computed Tomographic Analysis of the Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Incisors. J Endod 2013;39:1-7.

 

17. Filpo-Perez C, Bramante CM, Villas-Boas MH, Duarte MA, Versiani MA, Ordinola-Zapata R. Micro–computed Tomographic Analysis of the Root Canal Morphology of the Distal Root of Mandibular First Molar. J Endod 2015;41:231–6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.024
PMid:25447505

 

18. Harris SP, Bowles WR, Fok A, McClanahan SB. An Anatomic Investigation of the Mandibular First Molar Using Micro–Computed Tomography. J Endod 2013;39:1374–8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2013.06.034
PMid:24139257

 

19. Siqueira JF, Lima KC, Magalhaes FA, Lopes HP, de Uzeda M. Mechanical reduction of the bacterial population in the root canal by three instrumentation techniques. J Endod 1999:25:332-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81166-0

 

20. Card SJ, Sigurdsson A, Orstavik D, Trope M. The effectiveness of increased apical enlargement in reducing intracanal bacteria. J Endod 2002:28:779-83.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200211000-00008
PMid:12470024

 

21. Falk KW, Sedgley CM. The influence of penetration sizeon the mechanical efficacy of root canal irrigation in vitro. J Endod 2005:31:742- 5.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.don.0000158007.56170.0c
PMid:16186754

 

22. Altundasar E, Nagas E, Uyanik O, Serper A. Debris and irrigant extrusion potential of 2 rotary systems and irrigation needles. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;112(4):e31-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.03.044
PMid:21778084

 

23. Yost RA, Bergeron BE, Kirkpatrick TC3, Roberts MD, Roberts HW, Himel VT, Sabey K. Evaluation of 4 Different Irrigating Systems for Apical Extrusion of Sodium Hypochlorite in vitro study. J Endod. 2015 Sep;41(9):1530-4.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2015.05.007
PMid:26143609

 

24. Jiang L M, Lak B, Eijsvogels L M, Wesselink P, van der Sluis L W. Comparison of the cleaning efficacy of different final irrigation techniques. J Endod 2012;38:838–41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.03.002
PMid:22595122