Chinnasamy A, Ramalingam K, Chopra P, Gopinath V, Bishnoi GP, Chawla G. Chronic nail biting, orthodontic treatment and Enterobacteriaceae in the oral cavity. J Clin Exp Dent. 2019;11(12):e1157-62.

 

doi:10.4317/jced.56059

https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.56059

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

References

1. Halteh P, Scher RK, Lipner SR. Onychophagia: A nail-biting conundrum for physicians. The Journal of dermatological treatment. 2017;28:166-72.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2016.1200711
PMid:27387832

 

2. Garde J, Suryavanshi RK, Jawale BA, Deshmukh V, Dadhe DP, Suryavanshi MK. An epidemiological study to know the prevalence of deleterious oral habits among 6 to 12 year old children. Journal of international oral health: JIOH. 2014;6:39.

PMid: 24653601 PMCid: PMC3959135

 

3. Jabr FI. Severe nail deformity. Nail biting may cause multiple adverse conditions. Postgrad Med. 2005;118:37-8, 42.
https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2005.09.1712
PMid:16201307

 

4. Bienvenu OJ, Samuels JF, Riddle MA, Hoehn-Saric R, Liang KY, Cullen BA, et al. The relationship of obsessive-compulsive disorder to possible spectrum disorders: results from a family study. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;48:287-93.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00831-3

PMid: 10960159

 

5. Pastro JDV, Nogueira ACA, Salvatore de Freitas KM, Valarelli FP, Cancado RH, de Oliveira RCG, et al. Factors Associated to Apical Root Resorption after Orthodontic Treatment. The open dentistry journal. 2018;12:331-9.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812010331
PMid:29875885 PMCid:PMC5958300

 

6. Emodi-Perlman A, Eli I, Friedman-Rubin P, Goldsmith C, Reiter S, Winocur E. Bruxism, oral parafunctions, anamnestic and clinical findings of temporomandibular disorders in children. J Oral Rehabil. 2012;39:126-35.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2011.02254.x
PMid:21916926

 

7. Castelo PM, Gaviao MB, Pereira LJ, Bonjardim LR. Relationship between oral parafunctional/nutritive sucking habits and temporomandibular joint dysfunction in primary dentition. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2005;15:29-36.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2005.00608.x
PMid:15663442

 

8. Farsi N, Alamoudi N, Feteih R, El-Kateb M. Association between temporo mandibular disorders and oral parafunctions in Saudi children. Odontostomatol Trop. 2004;27:9-14.

PMid: 15536715

 

9. Lavigne G, Kato T. Usual and unusual orofacial motor activities associated with tooth wear. Int J Prosthodont. 2005;18:291-2.

PMid: 16052775

 

10. Bello J, Nunez FA, Gonzalez OM, Fernandez R, Almirall P, Escobedo AA. Risk factors for Giardia infection among hospitalized children in Cuba. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2011;105:57-64.
https://doi.org/10.1179/136485911X12899838413385
PMid:21294949 PMCid:PMC4089789

 

11. Wendt S, Trawinski H, Schubert S, Rodloff AC, Mossner J, Lubbert C. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection. Deutsches Arzteblatt international. 2019;116:213-9.
https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0213
PMid:31064642 PMCid:PMC6522669

 

12. Siqueira JF Jr, Rocas IN. The Oral Microbiota in Health and Disease: An Overview of Molecular Findings. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1537:127-38.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6685-1_7
PMid:27924591

 

13. Sedgley CM, Samaranayake LP. Oral and oropharyngeal prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae in humans: a review. J Oral Pathol Med. 1994;23:104-13.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1994.tb01096.x
PMid:8021843

 

14. Baydas B, Uslu H, Yavuz I, Ceylan I, Dagsuyu IM. Effect of a chronic nail-biting habit on the oral carriage of Enterobacteriaceae. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2007;22:1-4.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.2007.00291.x
PMid:17241163

 

15. Reddy S, Sanjai K, Kumaraswamy J, Papaiah L, Jeevan M. Oral carriage of enterobacteriaceae among school children with chronic nail-biting habit. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2013;17:163-8.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-029X.119743
PMid:24250072 PMCid:PMC3830220

 

16. Kitada K, De Toledo A, Oho T. Increase in detectable opportunistic bacteria in the oral cavity of orthodontic patients. Int J Dent Hyg. 2009;7:121-5.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2008.00333.x
PMid:19416094

 

17. Pathak AK, Sharma DS. Biofilm associated microorganisms on removable oral orthodontic appliances in children in the mixed dentition. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2013;37:335-9.
https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.37.3.92230h6256v8697t
PMid:23855182

 

18. Jia G, Zhi A, Lai PFH, Wang G, Xia Y, Xiong Z, et al. The oral microbiota - a mechanistic role for systemic diseases. Br Dent J. 2018;224:447-55.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.217
PMid:29569607

 

19. Olsen I, Yamazaki K. Can oral bacteria affect the microbiome of the gut? J Oral Microbiol. 2019;11:1586422.
https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2019.1586422
PMid:30911359 PMCid:PMC6427756

 

20. Vogel LD. When children put their fingers in their mouths. Should parents and dentists care? NY State Dent J. 1998;64:48-53.

PMid: 9542394

 

21. Samaranayake LP, MacFarlane TW, Lamey PJ, Ferguson MM. A comparison of oral rinse and imprint sampling techniques for the detection of yeast, coliform and Staphylococcus aureus carriage in the oral cavity. J Oral Pathol. 1986;15:386-8.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1986.tb00646.x
PMid:3098945

 

22. Dunn OJ. Multiple comparisons using rank sums. Technometrics. 1964;6:241-52.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1964.10490181

 

23. Kamal FG, Bernard RA. Influence of nail biting and finger sucking habits on the oral carriage of Enterobacteriaceae. Contemp Clin Dent. 2015;6:211-4.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.156048
PMid:26097357 PMCid:PMC4456744

 

24. Segata N, Haake SK, Mannon P, Lemon KP, Waldron L, Gevers D, et al. Composition of the adult digestive tract bacterial microbiome based on seven mouth surfaces, tonsils, throat and stool samples. Genome Biol. 2012;13:R42.
https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2012-13-6-r42
PMid:22698087 PMCid:PMC3446314

 

25. Meropol SB, Haupt AA, Debanne SM. Incidence and Outcomes of Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Children, 2007-2015. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. 2018;7:36-45.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piw093
PMid:28339695 PMCid:PMC5907863

 

26. Logan LK, Renschler JP, Gandra S, Weinstein RA, Laxminarayan R, Program PE, et al. Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in children, United States, 1999-2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21:2014.
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2111.150548
PMid:26486124 PMCid:PMC4622248

 

27. Bryce A, Costelloe C, Hawcroft C, Wootton M, Hay AD. Faecal carriage of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in asymptomatic children and associations with primary care antibiotic prescribing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:359.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1697-6
PMid:27456093 PMCid:PMC4960702

 

28. Badal RE, Bouchillon SK, Lob SH, Hackel MA, Hawser SP, Hoban DJ. Etiology, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase rates and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli causing intra-abdominal infections in patients in general pediatric and pediatric intensive care units--global data from the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends 2008 to 2010. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32:636-40.
https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e3182886377
PMid:23838732

 

29. Livermore DM, Woodford N. The beta-lactamase threat in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Trends Microbiol. 2006;14:413-20.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2006.07.008
PMid:16876996

 

30. Hu YJ, Ogyu A, Cowling BJ, Fukuda K, Pang HH. Available evidence of antibiotic resistance from extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in paediatric patients in 20 countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2019;97:486.
https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.225698
PMid:31258218 PMCid:PMC6593334