Fuentes-Valera S, Aliaga-Del Castillo A, Reta-Martínez F, Arboleda-Ariza N, Rodríguez-Cárdenas YA, Ruíz-Mora GA, Arriola-Guillén LE. Esthetic preference of upper central incisor inclination in a smile profile view. A cross-sectional study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2025;17(8):e897-902.

 

doi:10.4317/jced.62924

https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.62924

___

 

References

1. Liu C, Du S, Wang Z, Guo S, Cui M, Zhai Q, Zhang M, Fang B. Impact of orthodontic-induced facial morphology changes on aesthetic evaluation. BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jan 5;24(1):24.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03776-4
PMid:38183059 PMCid:PMC10768126

 

2. Parkesian Martins R, Pigato P, Neves S, Jacob H. Maxillary incisor-based objectives in present day orthodontics. Seminar in Orthodontics. 2022;28(3):110-122.
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2022.11.001

 

3. Kouskoura T, Ochsner T, Verna C, Pandis N, Kanavakis G. The effect of orthodontic treatment on facial attractiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2022 Dec 1;44(6):636-649.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjac034
PMid:35984326

 

4. Coppola G, Christopoulou I, Gkantidis N, Verna C, Pandis N, Kanavakais G. The effect of orthodontic treatment on smile attractiveness: a systematic review. Prog Orthod. 2023 Feb 6;24(1):4.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-023-00456-5
PMid:36740663 PMCid:PMC9899877

 

5. Schlosser JB, Preston CB, Lampasso J. The effects of computer-aided anteroposterior maxillary incisor movement on ratings of facial attractiveness. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2005 Jan;127(1):17-24.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.11.025
PMid:15643410

 

6. Seixas MR, Câmara CA. The smile arc: review and synthesis. Dental Press J Orthod. 2021 Jun 30;26(3):e21spe3.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.26.3.e21spe3
PMid:34231836 PMCid:PMC8279119

 

7. Haerian A, Rafiei E, Joshan N, Eghbali R,Tehrani PF. Impact of variations in maxillary lateral incisor dimensions on smile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022 Jan;161(1):84-91.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.06.047
PMid:34417035

 

8. Cheng J, Luechapanichkul J, Lee T. The relationship between dentofacial morphology and smile characteristics in lateral and oblique views. J Dent Sci. 2021 Jan;16(1):37-44.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2020.07.010
PMid:33384776 PMCid:PMC7770291

 

9. Papadimitriou A, Kakali L, Pazera P, Doulis I, Dimitrios K. Social media and orthodontic treatment from the patient's perspective: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod. 2020 Jun 23;42(3):231-241.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjz029
PMid:31107943

 

10. Russello S. The impact of media exposure on self-esteem and body satisfaction in men and women. J Interdisciplinary Undergrad Res. 2013;1(1):1-12.

 

11. Kerns L, Silveira A, Kerns D, Regennitter F. Esthetic preference of the frontal and profile views of the same smile. J Esthet Dent. 1997;9(2):76-85.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.1997.tb00921.x
PMid:9468856

 

12. Ren H, Chen X, Zhang Y. Correlation between facial attractiveness and facial components assessed by laypersons and orthodontists. J Dent Sci. 2021 Jan;16(1):431-436.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2020.07.012
PMid:33384831 PMCid:PMC7770325

 

13. Cheng J, Hsu Y, Lee T, Li R. Factors affecting perception of laypeople and dental professionals toward different smile esthetics. J Dent Sci. 2023 Apr;18(2):739-746.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2022.11.030
PMid:37021227 PMCid:PMC10068377

 

14. Sarver DM. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: The smile arc. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001 Aug;120(2):98-111.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.114301
PMid:11500650

 

15. Andrews WA. Anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisor to the forehead in adult white females. Angle Orthod. 2008 Jul;78(4):662-669.
https://doi.org/10.2319/0003-3219(2008)078[0662:AROTMC]2.0.CO;2
PMid:18302465

 

16. Li B, Xiang X, Huang G, Wang P, Xue C, Han X, Bai D, Xu H. A coupled-lines system to determine the anteroposterior position of maxillary central incisors for smiling profile esthetics. Angle Orthod. 2023 Jul 1;93(4):447-457.
https://doi.org/10.2319/073022-529.1
PMid:36806479 PMCid:PMC10294574

 

17. Ghaleb N, Bouserhal J, Bassil-Nassif N. Aesthetic evaluation of profile incisor inclination. Eur J Orthod. 2011 Jun;33(3):228-235.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjq059
PMid:20716642

 

18. Zarif Najafi H, Oshagh M, Khalili M, Torkan S. Esthetic evaluation of incisor inclination in smiling profiles with respect to mandibular position. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015 Sep;148(3):387-95.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.05.016
PMid:26321336

 

19. Naini FB, Manouchehri S, Al-Bitar ZB, Gill DS, Garagiola U, Wertheim D. The maxillary incisor labial face tangent: clinical evaluation of maxillary incisor inclination in profile smiling view and idealized aesthetics. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019 Aug 20;41(1):31.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-019-0214-4
PMid:31478034 PMCid:PMC6701796

 

20. Albwardi M, Albwardi S, Dobaian K, Alqahtani K, Altayir A, Almutawa A. The Influence of Maxillary Incisor Labiolingual Inclination on Smiling Profile Esthetics Among Saudis. Cureus. 2022 Jan 5;14(1):e20966.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.20966
PMid:35154945 PMCid:PMC8815806

 

21. Devanna R. Turning subjective into objective: profile smile perception of I2 (incisor inclination) and its impact on treatment planning. J Orthod Res. 2013;1(1):27.
https://doi.org/10.4103/2321-3825.112252

 

22. Chirivella P, Singaraju GS, Mandava P, Reddy VK, Neravati JK, George SA. Comparison of the effect of labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position of maxillary incisors on esthetic profile in three different facial patterns. J Orthod Sci. 2017 Jan-Mar;6(1):1-10.
https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-0203.197387
PMid:28197396 PMCid:PMC5278578

 

23. Shoukat Ali U, Sukhia RH, Fida M, Kamal AT, Abbas A. The influence of incisor inclination and anterior vertical facial height on facial attractiveness in an Asian woman. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021 Aug;160(2):283-291.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.04.030
PMid:34006423

 

24. Pasha M, Arshad F, Kumar S, Bhatia S, Gowda EM. Esthetic Assesement of maxillary incisor inclination for varying mandibular positions in smiling profile - a photomorphic study. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1677794/v1

 

25. Ali US, Sukhia RH, Fida M, Kamal AT, Abbas A. Influence of incisor inclination and anterior vertical facial height on facial attractiveness in an adult Asian male. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022 Mar;161(3):381-389.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.09.030
PMid:34635397

 

26. Cao L, Zhang K, Bai D, Jing, Tian Y, Guo Y. Effect of maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position on smiling profile esthetics. Angle Orthod 2011 Jan;81(1):121-29.
https://doi.org/10.2319/033110-181.1
PMid:20936964 PMCid:PMC8926362

 

27. Chen Y, Liao W. Esthetic evaluation of incisor inclination and anterior vertical facial height. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022 Jan;161(1):3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.08.012
PMid:35012746

 

28. Barcoma E. Esthetic preferences of maxillary incisor labiolingual Inclination across races. Thesis for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015.

 

29. Arnett GW, Bergman RT. Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, part I. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;103:299-312.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(93)70010-L
PMid:8480695

 

30. Bass NM. Measurement of the profile angle and the aesthetic analysis of the facial profile. J Orthod. 2003;30:3-9.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ortho/30.1.3
PMid:12644600