Caraballo-Meza S, Barakat-Polo N, Plazas-Román J, Díaz-Caballero A, Ardila CM. Predictive Models for Stylohyoid Complex Elongation: A Multivariate Statistical Analysis with Evidence-Based Diagnostic Criteria. J Clin Exp Dent. 2025;17(10):e1172-9.

 

doi:10.4317/jced.63097

https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.63097

___

 

References

1. Kabak S, Savrasova N, Melnichenko Y, Vysotski A, Mashchanka I. Stylohyoid complex syndrome: A report of two cases and review of the literature. Heliyon. 2020;6(5):e03937.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03937
PMid:32420497 PMCid:PMC7217999

 

2. Triantafyllou G, Paschopoulos I, Duparc F, Tsakotos G, Papadopoulos-Manolarakis P, Piagkou M. The Anatomy of the Stylohyoid Chain: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics. 2025;15(7):925.
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15070925
PMid:40218275 PMCid:PMC11988981

 

3. Guimarães ACA, Pozza DH, Guimarães AS. Prevalence of morphological and structural changes in the stylohyoid chain. J Clin Exp Dent. 2020;12(11):e1027-32.
https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.57186
PMid:33262867 PMCid:PMC7680564

 

4. Pagano S, Ricciuti V, Mancini F, Barbieri FR, Chegai F, Marini A, et al. Eagle syndrome: An updated review. Surg Neurol Int. 2023;14:389.
https://doi.org/10.25259/SNI_666_2023
PMid:38053694 PMCid:PMC10695462

 

5. Sharifi A, Kouhi A. Management of eagle syndrome. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023;31(4):276-80.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MOO.0000000000000903
PMid:37387673

 

6. Diab E, Masmoudi I, Leclercq C, Flores C, Louin L, Bettoni J, et al. A pain like no other: From cluster to headache to Eagle's syndrome, a case report. Cephalalgia. 2020;40(12):1394-7.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102420954544
PMid:32867530

 

7. Assiri AH, Estrugo-Devesa A, Roselló Llabrés X, Egido-Moreno S, López-López J. The prevalence of elongated styloid process in the population of Barcelona: a cross-sectional study & review of literature. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):674.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03405-0
PMid:37723455 PMCid:PMC10507983

 

8. Nogueira-Reis F, de Oliveira Reis L, Fontenele RC, Freitas DQ, Tabchoury CPM. Prevalence and features of elongated styloid process on imaging studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2022;26(2):1199-215.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04285-w
PMid:34800204

 

9. Kalabalık F, Şahin O. Evaluation of stylohyoid complex in subjects with different types of malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective study in a Turkish subpopulation. Surg Radiol Anat. 2020;42(9):1095-100.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-020-02486-8
PMid:32394117

 

10. Sobek J, Medina Inojosa JR, Medina Inojosa BJ, Rassoulinejad-Mousavi SM, Conte GM, Lopez-Jimenez F, et al. MedYOLO: A Medical Image Object Detection Framework. J Imaging Inform Med. 2024;37(6):3208-16.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-024-01138-2
PMid:38844717 PMCid:PMC11612059

 

11. Olesen J. The International Classification of Headache Disorders: History and future perspectives. Cephalalgia. 2024;44(1):3331024231214731.
https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024231214731
PMid:38166472

 

12. Miyagawa S, Ono R, Ito R, Kitagawa I. Eagle's Syndrome. Intern Med. 2022;61(16):2553.
https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.9017-21
PMid:35110494 PMCid:PMC9449602

 

13. Bhosle R, Aditya G, Das S, Krishnan P. Eagle's Syndrome. Neurol India. 2022;70(1):180-1.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.338720
PMid:35263880

 

14. Robinson KA, Brunnhuber K, Ciliska D, Juhl CB, Christensen R, Lund H, et al. Evidence-Based Research Series-Paper 1: What Evidence-Based Research is and why is it important?. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021;129:151-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.07.020
PMid:32979491

 

15. Collins GS, Dhiman P, Andaur Navarro CL, Ma J, Hooft L, Reitsma JB, et al. Protocol for development of a reporting guideline (TRIPOD-AI) and risk of bias tool (PROBAST-AI) for diagnostic and prognostic prediction model studies based on artificial intelligence. BMJ Open. 2021;11(7):e048008.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048008
PMid:34244270 PMCid:PMC8273461

 

16. Eraslan C, Ozer MA, Govsa F, Alagoz AK, Calli C. Relationship of stylohyoid chain and cervical internal carotid artery detected by 3D angiography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2017;39(8):897-904.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-017-1812-4
PMid:28154955

 

17. Chen G, Yeh PC, Huang SL. An evaluation of the prevalence of elongated styloid process in Taiwanese population using digital panoramic radiographs. J Dent Sci. 2022;17(2):744-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2021.09.033
PMid:35756808 PMCid:PMC9201539

 

18. Bruno G, De Stefani A, Barone M, Costa G, Saccomanno S, Gracco A. The validity of panoramic radiograph as a diagnostic method for elongated styloid process: A systematic review. Cranio. 2022;40(1):33-40.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2019.1665228
PMid:31495286

 

19. Kaaki M, Alassaf MS, Alolayan A, Almuzaini ES, Alsaeedi AK, Habeeb A, et al. Evaluation of Styloid Process Elongation in Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Radiographic Investigation. Cureus. 2024;16(1):e53136.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.53136
PMid:38298312 PMCid:PMC10828749

 

20. Alsweed A, Almutairi BM. Elongation pattern of styloid process in Saudi population: a factor to remember in the prevention of eagle syndrome. Folia Morphol. 2022;81(3):701-6.
https://doi.org/10.5603/FM.a2021.0077
PMid:34355784

 

21. Hassanzad M, Hajian-Tilaki K. Methods of determining optimal cut-point of diagnostic biomarkers with application of clinical data in ROC analysis: an update review. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2024;24:84.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-024-02198-2
PMid:38589814 PMCid:PMC11000303

 

22. Nahm FS. Receiver operating characteristic curve: overview and practical use for clinicians. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2022;75(1):25-36.
https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.21209
PMid:35124947 PMCid:PMC8831439

 

23. Al-Amad SH, Al Bayatti S, Alshamsi HA. The effect of styloid process medial angulation on Eagle's syndrome's self-reported symptoms: A preliminary cross-sectional study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2021;132(1):52-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2021.02.013
PMid:33867305

 

24. Maradi N, Beesanahalli YS, Pawar A, Jadhav T, Deshpande S. An unusual case of excessive angulation of styloid process and ossified stylohyoid complex causing Eagle's syndrome: a case report. Egypt J Otolaryngol. 2023;39(1):178.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-023-00538-5

 

25. Bagga M, Bhatnagar D, Kumar N. Elongated styloid process evaluation on digital panoramic radiographs: A retrospective study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2020;32(4):330.
https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_108_20

 

26. Carvalho DVB, Vidal GLG, Pereira RD da S, Oliveira J de F, Júnior WC de OB, Souza CEC de, et al. Alongamento do processo estilóide em radiografias panorâmicas - uma revisão narrativa de literatura. Rev Foco. 2025;18(2):e7645.
https://doi.org/10.54751/revistafoco.v18n2-019