Nina-Aguilar L, Ramos-Gómez F, Sánchez-Tito M. Degenerative changes of the mandibular condyle and their relationship with joint space: A CBCT study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2025;17(10):e1205-12.

 

doi:10.4317/jced.63280

https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.63280

___

 

References

1. Tanaka E, Detamore MS, Mercuri LG. Degenerative disorders of the temporomandibular joint: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Dent Res. 2008;87(4):296-307.
https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700406
PMid:18362309

 

2. Ferneini EM. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;79(10):2171-2172.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2021.07.008
PMid:34620421

 

3. Cardoneanu A, Macovei LA, Burlui AM, Mihai IR, Bratoiu I, Rezus II, et al. Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: Pathogenic Mechanisms Involving the Cartilage and Subchondral Bone, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Joint Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;24(1):171.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010171
PMid:36613615 PMCid:PMC9820477

 

4. Thomas DC, Singer SR, Markman S. Temporomandibular Disorders and Dental Occlusion: What Do We Know so Far? Dent Clin North Am. 2023;67(2):299-308.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2022.11.002
PMid:36965932

 

5. Görürgöz C, İçen M, Kurt MH, Aksoy S, Bakırarar B, Rozylo-Kalinowska I, et al. Degenerative changes of the mandibular condyle in relation to the temporomandibular joint space, gender and age: A multicenter CBCT study. Dent Med Probl. 2023;60(1):127-135.
https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/147514
PMid:37023340

 

6. Alrizqi AH, Aleissa BM. Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders Between 2015-2021: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2023;15(4):e37028.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.37028

 

7. Qiu D, Sun S. Causal relationships between immunophenotypes, plasma metabolites, and temporomandibular disorders based on Mendelian randomization. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):22262.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73330-x
PMid:39333658 PMCid:PMC11436868

 

8. Nah KS. Condylar bony changes in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a CBCT study. Imaging Sci Dent. 2012;42(4):249-53.
https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2012.42.4.249
PMid:23301212 PMCid:PMC3534180

 

9. Massilla Mani F, Sivasubramanian SS. A study of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis using computed tomographic imaging. Biomed J. 2016;39(3):201-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2016.06.003
PMid:27621122 PMCid:PMC6138784

 

10. Rehan OM, Saleh HAK, Raffat HA, Abu-Taleb NS. Osseous changes in the temporomandibular joint in rheumatoid arthritis: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Imaging Sci Dent. 2018;48(1):1-9.
https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2018.48.1.1
PMid:29581944 PMCid:PMC5863014

 

11. Koç N. Evaluation of osteoarthritic changes in the temporomandibular joint and their correlations with age: A retrospective CBCT study. Dent Med Probl. 2020;57(1):67-72.
https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/112392
PMid:31997586

 

12. Vasegh Z, Safi Y, Azar MS, Ahsaie MG, Arianezhad SM. Assessment of bony changes in temporomandibular joint in patients using cone beam computed tomography - a cross sectional study. Head Face Med. 2023;19(1):47.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13005-023-00392-z
PMid:37898789 PMCid:PMC10612346

 

13. Zhang Q, Ye Z, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Liu J, Yang W, et al. Nonlinear Relationship between Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement Distance and Disc Length: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis. J Clin Med. 2022;11(23):7160.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237160
PMid:36498733 PMCid:PMC9741082

 

14. Guercio Monaco E, De Stefano AA, Hernandez-Andara A, Galluccio G. Correlation between condylar size on CT and position of the articular disc on MRI of the temporomandibular joint. Cranio. 2022;40(1):64-71.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2019.1692283
PMid:31726945

 

15. Gharavi SM, Qiao Y, Faghihimehr A, Vossen J. Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12(4):1006.
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12041006
PMid:35454054 PMCid:PMC9031630

 

16. Dygas S, Szarmach I, Radej I. Assessment of the Morphology and Degenerative Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint Using CBCT according to the Orthodontic Approach: A Scoping Review. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:6863014.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6863014
PMid:35155678 PMCid:PMC8826117

 

17. Vandenbroucke JP, von Elm E, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Mulrow CD, Pocock SJ, et al. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2007;4(10):e297.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297
PMid:17941715 PMCid:PMC2020496

 

18. Anderson GC, Gonzalez YM, Ohrbach R, Truelove EL, Sommers E, Look JO, et al. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. VI: future directions. J Orofac Pain. 2010;24(1):79-88.

PMid:20213033 PMCid:PMC3157036

 

19. NewTom.it. NNT NewTom: efficient image management [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2025 Jun 11]. Available from: https://www.newtom.it/en/radiology-software/nnt

 

20. Caruso S, Storti E, Nota A, Ehsani S, Gatto R. Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy Assessed by CBCT Images. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2916953.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2916953
PMid:28261607 PMCid:PMC5312052

 

21. Rivero-Millán P, Barrera-Mora JM, Espinar-Escalona E, González-Del Pino CA, Martín-Salvador D, Llamas-Carreras JM. Comparison of condylar position in normal occlusion, Class II Division 1, Class II Division 2 and Class III malocclusions using CBCT imaging. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13(12):e1216-e1226.
https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.58970
PMid:34987714 PMCid:PMC8715563

 

22. Gorucu-Coskuner H, Atik E, El H. Reliability of cone-beam computed tomography for temporomandibular joint analysis. Korean J Orthod. 2019;49(2):81-88.
https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2019.49.2.81
PMid:30941294 PMCid:PMC6433603

 

23. Ikeda K, Kawamura A, Ikeda R. Assessment of optimal condylar position in the coronal and axial planes with limited cone-beam computed tomography. J Prosthodont. 2011;20(6):432-8.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2011.00730.x
PMid:21689204

 

24. Tsuruta A, Yamada K, Hanada K, Hosogai A, Kohno S, Koyama J, et al. The relationship between morphological changes of the condyle and condylar position in the glenoid fossa. J Orofac Pain. 2004;18(2):148-55.

PMid:15250435

 

25. Martins E, Silva JC, Pires CA, Ponces-Ramalhão MJ, Lopes JD. Coronal joint spaces of the Temporomandibular joint: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Dent. 2015;7(3):e435-40.
https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.52439
PMid:26330944 PMCid:PMC4554247

 

26. Cho BH, Jung YH. Osteoarthritic changes and condylar positioning of the temporomandibular joint in Korean children and adolescents. Imaging Sci Dent. 2012;42(3):169-74.
https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2012.42.3.169
PMid:23071967 PMCid:PMC3465759

 

27. Vîrlan MJR, Costea DE, Păun DL, Zamfir-Chiru-Anton A, Sterian AG, Spînu AD, et al. Degenerative bony changes in the temporal component of the temporomandibular joint - review of the literature. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2022;63(1):61-69.
https://doi.org/10.47162/RJME.63.1.06
PMid:36074669 PMCid:PMC9593128

 

28. dos Anjos Pontual ML, Freire JS, Barbosa JM, Frazão MA, dos Anjos Pontual A. Evaluation of bone changes in the temporomandibular joint using cone beam CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2012;41(1):24-9.
https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/17815139
PMid:22184625 PMCid:PMC3520276

 

29. Santana-Mora U, López-Cedrún J, Mora MJ, Otero XL, Santana-Penín U. Temporomandibular disorders: the habitual chewing side syndrome. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e59980.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059980
PMid:23593156 PMCid:PMC3620406

 

30. Koppe T, Schöbel SL, Bärenklau M, Bruchhaus H, Jankauskas R, Kaduk WM. Factors affecting the variation in the adult temporomandibular joint of archaeological human populations. Ann Anat. 2007;189(4):320-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2007.02.018
PMid:17695984

 

31. Kurita H, Kojima Y, Nakatsuka A, Koike T, Kobayashi H, Kurashina K. Relationship between temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-related pain and morphological changes of the TMJ condyle in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2004;33(5):329-33.
https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/13269559
PMid:15585811

 

32.Walewski LÂ, Tolentino ES, Yamashita FC, Iwaki LCV, da Silva MC. Cone beam computed tomography study of osteoarthritic alterations in the osseous components of temporomandibular joints in asymptomatic patients according to skeletal pattern, gender, and age. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2019;128(1):70-77.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2019.01.072
PMid:30876841

 

33. Crusoé-Rebello IM, Campos PS, Rubira IR, Panella J, Mendes CM. Evaluation of the relation between the horizontal condylar angle and the internal derangement of the TMJ - a magnetic resonance imaging study. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2003;17(2):176-82.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-74912003000200015
PMid:14569363

 

34. Sánchez TM, Becerra BW. Osteoartritis (artrosis) de la articulación temporomandibular. Rev Otorrinolaringol Cir Cabeza Cuello. 2020;80(4):540-53.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48162020000400540