Cumpa-Dávila S, Ortiz-Pizarro M, Julca-Lévano JC. Skeletal and non-skeletal factors associated with mandibular asymmetry in mixed dentition. J Clin Exp Dent. 2026;18(2):e223-9.

 

doi:10.4317/jced.63704

https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.63704

___

 

References

1. Alhazmi N. Assessment of mandibular asymmetry in different skeletal malocclusions and vertical patterns in adult individuals: A cone-beam computed tomography study. J Orthod Sci. 2023;12:33.
https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_112_22
PMid:37351397 PMCid:PMC10282567

 

2. Bakri MMH, Vishvnathaiah S, Bakmani HF, Hakami AJ, Zaidan MS, Dighriri MA, et al. Prevalence of mandibular asymmetries in the pediatric population of Jazan: A radiographic analytical study. Heliyon. 2024;10(12):e32362.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32362
PMid:38975092 PMCid:PMC11225732

 

3. Qu W, Qiu Z, Lam KC, Sakaran KG, Chen H, Lin Y. Artificial intelligence-assisted identification and assessment of mandibular asymmetry on panoramic radiography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2025;168(1):14-23.e2.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.01.018
PMid:40047777

 

4. Ramirez-Yanez G, Stewart A, Franken E, Campos K. Prevalence of mandibular asymmetries in growing patients. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33(3):236-242.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjq057
PMid:20724557

 

5. Somaskandhan A, Arockiam S, Maheswari U, Vijayalakshmi D. Evaluation of validity and reliability of quantitative Cervical Vertebral Maturation Index (QCVMI): A cross-sectional study. Int Orthod. 2025;23(4):101035.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101035
PMid:40561852

 

6. Ghergie M, Ciobotaru CD, Pop R, Colceriu-Șimon I, Bunta O, Pastrav M, et al. Correlation between dental age, chronological age, and cervical vertebral maturation in patients with class II malocclusion: a retrospective study in a romanian population group. Children (Basel). 2025;12(4):398.
https://doi.org/10.3390/children12040398
PMid:40310044 PMCid:PMC12026001

 

7. Macri M, Festa F. Three-dimensional evaluation using CBCT of the mandibular asymmetry and the compensation mechanism in a growing patient: A case report. Front Public Health. 2022;10:921413.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.921413
PMid:36388327 PMCid:PMC9664203

 

8. Habib M, Ahsan T, Majeed O, Faheem F. Vertical growth pattern as a determinant of mandibular asymmetry. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):1304-1309.
https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5294
PMid:35799725 PMCid:PMC9247753

 

9. Stăncioiu AA, Motofelea AC, Hușanu AA, Vasica L, Nagib R, Popa A, et al. Associations of digital measurements: analysis of orthopantomography versus lateral cephalograms for evaluation of facial symmetry. J Clin Med. 2025;14(4):1296.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14041296
PMid:40004826 PMCid:PMC11856196

 

10. Garcia R, Gribel B, Freitas M. Mandibular asymmetries in brazilian adolescents: prevalence and associated factors. J Clin Med. 2024;5(1):1-9.
https://doi.org/10.52338/tjocm.2024.3967

 

11. Vespasiano V, Klop C, Mulder C, Koolstra J, Lobé N, Beenen L, et al. Normal variation of mandibular asymmetry in children. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2023;26(3):524-530.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12639
PMid:36760175

 

12. Jia SX, Han MQ, Wang CX, Mou QN, Zhao JM, Chen T, et al. Accuracy of Nolla method for age estimation of northern chinese han children. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2021;37(2):181-186.

 

13. Surme K, Akman H, Cimen T, Akin M. Effects of early unilateral mandibular first molar extraction on condylar and ramal asymmetry. Int J Morphol. 2023;41(2):395-400.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022023000200395

 

14. Hellweg S, Sheloni M, Milling T, Bevin S, Veerasankar S, Pringle J. Airway analysis in different malocclusions - a cephalometric study: original research. I Jortho R. 2024;15(1):51-63.
https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i1.1011

 

15. Chaudhary S, Srivastava D, Jaetli V, Tirth A. Evaluation of condylar morphology using panoramic radiography in normal adult population. Int J Sci Stud. 2015;164-8.

 

16. Hama T, Kheder K, Shekhan F. A panoramic study of the dissimilar morphology of mandibular condyle in a sample of population in Erbil city. ARC J Dent Sci. 2021;6(2):1-5.
https://doi.org/10.20431/2456-0030.0602001

 

17. Singh H, Kalra N, Tyagi R, Khatri A. Dental age assessment of North Indian origin children using Nolla's method in mandibular second molar. Egypt J Forensic Sci. 2020;10(25):1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-020-00194-3

 

18. Evangelista K, Teodoro AB, Bianchi J, Cevidanes LHS, de Oliveira Ruellas AC, Silva MAG, et al. Prevalence of mandibular asymmetry in different skeletal sagittal patterns. Angle Orthod. 2022;92(1):118-126.
https://doi.org/10.2319/040921-292.1
PMid:34546287 PMCid:PMC8691477

 

19. Sağlam A. The condylar asymmetry measurements in different skeletal patterns. J Oral Rehabil. 2003;30(7):738-742.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01089.x
PMid:12791161

 

20. Tashkandi NE, Alnaqa NH, Al-Saif NM, Allam E. Accuracy of gonial angle measurements using panoramic imaging versus lateral cephalograms in adults with different mandibular divergence patterns. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2024;17:1923-1929.
https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S463688
PMid:38706500 PMCid:PMC11070157

 

21. Ciavarella D, Lorusso M, Fanelli C, Cazzolla AP, Maci M, Ferrara D, et al. The correlation between mandibular arch shape and vertical skeletal pattern. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023;59(11):1926.
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59111926
PMid:38003975 PMCid:PMC10673071

 

22. Rana F, Malik F. Mean deflection angle, anterior and posterior length of the cranial base in Pakistani population with different sagittal skeletal malocclusion. J Pak Med Assoc. 2025;75(2):219-223.
https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.11329
PMid:39948780

 

23. Pushparekha G, Saxena A, Parihar A, Verma N, Anadeo P. Assessment of average cephalometric values in late mixed dentition of children between 11 and 13 years of age - an observational study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2025;43(4):512-515.
https://doi.org/10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_230_25
PMid:41235557

 

24. Siddiqui TA, Sukhia RH, Irfan S, Hasan A, Fida M. A cross-sectional study to correlate nasal profile and chin position with cephalometric lip profile. J Orthod Sci. 2024;13:39.
https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_28_24
PMid:39758102 PMCid:PMC11698244

 

25. Yang G, Xiang X, Tong X, Li Y, Liu Y. Mandibular response after rapid maxillary expansion in mixed dentition children with different vertical growth patterns: a retrospective study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024;48(5):69-78.
https://doi.org/10.22514/jocpd.2024.105
PMid:39275822

 

26. Hayashi Y, Tachiki C, Morikawa T, Aihara Y, Matsunaga S, Sugahara K, et al. Three-dimensional analysis of the cranial base structure in patients with facial asymmetry. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;14(1):24.
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14010024
PMid:38201333 PMCid:PMC10795710

 

27. Budipramana M, Budhy T, Ardani I. Gonial angle characteristics of class III malocclusion in Javanese ethnic population. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr. 2021;21:e051.
https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2021.051

 

28. Bonardo B, Saskianti T, Puteri M. Mandibular condyle shape and symmetry in 4- to 19-year-old children and early adolescents. J Dent Indones. 2023;6(2):60-65.
https://doi.org/10.20473/ijdm.v6i2.2023.60-65

 

29. Shaikh A, Ahmed S, Ahmed A, Das G, Taqi M, Nisar S, et al. Assessment of radiographic morphology of mandibular condyles: a radiographic study. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2022;81(2):481-486.
https://doi.org/10.5603/FM.a2021.0049
PMid:34018177

 

30. Warkhandkar A, Habib L. Effects of premature primary tooth loss on midline deviation and asymmetric molar relationship in the context of orthodontic treatment. Cureus. 2023;15(7):e42442.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42442
PMid:37637675 PMCid:PMC10449235