Bhargava M, Vashisth P, Naik N. S, Sharma S, Payak R, Kumari S. Comparative Evaluation of Different Teeth Whitening Agents on Extrinsic Stains: An In-Vitro Interventional Study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2026;18(7):e911-20.

doi:10.4317/jced.64122

___

References

1. Heidari A, Shahrabi M. Efficacy of three toothpastes in iron stain removal from primary teeth. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;12(1):10-14. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1580 PMid:31496564 PMCid:PMC6710951

2. Pereira R, Silveira J, Dias S, Cardoso A, Mata A, Marques D. Bleaching efficacy and quality of life of different bleaching techniques - randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2022;26(12):7167-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04678-5 PMid:35976497 PMCid:PMC9383653

3. Tayebi S, Esmaeilzade M, Soufi Rezai L, Fotovat F, Najafi Vosogh R, Faregh N. Color change of primary teeth following using 4 types of iron supplements available in the Iranian Pharmacopeia. Avicenna J Dent Res. 2019;11(2):66-71. https://doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2019.12

4. Pani SC, Alenazi FM, Alotain AM, Alanazi HD, Alasmari AS. Extrinsic tooth staining potential of high-dose and sustained-release iron syrups on primary teeth. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15:90-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-015-0072-0 PMid:26238197 PMCid:PMC4522998

5. Lokhande RS, Nagarathna PJ, Deoghare A, Chhatani N, Busi S, Malladi S. Effect of different iron supplements on color stability of nanocomposite restorative materials. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024;17(3):274-8. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2790 PMid:39144518 PMCid:PMC11320786

6. Chen Y, Wu Z, Sun P, Song J, Liu Y, Zhao J. The erosive effect of pomegranate juice on enamel: An in vitro study. PLoS One. 2024;19(4):e0298404. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298404 PMid:38598496 PMCid:PMC11006189

7. Fernandes AJ, Agnihotri R. Evaluation of the efficacy of a charcoal-based tooth whitening dentifrice on coffee stains: an in vitro study. Can J Dent Hyg. 2023;57(2):123-31.

8. Kim YM, Ha AN, Kim JW, Kim SJ. Double-blind randomized study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of over-the-counter tooth-whitening agents containing 2.9% hydrogen peroxide. Oper Dent. 2018;43(3):272-81. https://doi.org/10.2341/16-379-C PMid:29513635

9. de Oliveira MN, Alves HBN, Lerner FE, Campolina MG, Lins-Candeiro CL, Vieira WA, et al. Assessment of changes in optical and mechanical properties and adverse effects of over-the-counter bleaching agents: An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2025;17(2):174-9. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.62498 PMid:40092305 PMCid:PMC11907356

10. Benahmed AG, Gasmi A, Menzel A, Hrynovets I, Chirumbolo S, Shanaida M, et al. A review on natural teeth whitening. J Oral Biosci. 2022 Mar 1;64(1):49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.job.2021.12.002 PMid:34915121

11. Alrabiah A, Albalawi F, Aljazea SA, et al. Effect of banana peels on dental bleaching: an in vitro study. Ann Dent Spec. 2024;12(1):21-5. https://doi.org/10.51847/Wr7Ti8B3yO

12. Meireles SS, Fontes ST, Coimbra LA, Bona ÁD, Demarco FF. Effectiveness of different carbamide peroxide concentrations used for tooth bleaching: an in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20:186-91. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572012000200011 PMid:22666835 PMCid:PMC3894761

13. Taneja S, Kumar M, Agarwal PM, Bhalla AS. Effect of potential remineralizing agent and antioxidants on color stability of bleached tooth exposed to different staining solutions. J Conserv Dent Endod. 2018;21(4):378-82. https://doi.org/10.4103/JCD.JCD_354_17 PMid:30122817 PMCid:PMC6080191

14. Kibria AA, Rahman MM, Kar A. Extraction and evaluation of phytochemicals from banana peels (Musa sapientum) and banana plants (Musa paradisiaca). Malays J Halal Res. 2019;2(1):22-6. https://doi.org/10.2478/mjhr-2019-0005

15. Shahidullah SM, Begum S, Sultana N, Samreen S, Saleh M. Formulation and evaluation of herbal toothpaste. Int J Res Pharm Nano Sci. 2023;12(1):32-7.

16. Maran BM, Bersezio C, Martin J, Favoreto MW, Rezende M, Vallejo-Izquierdo L, et al. The influence of dental bleaching on patient's quality of life: A multistudy analysis of aesthetic and psychosocial outcomes. J Dent. 2024 Dec 1;151:105397 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105397 PMid:39378962

17. Claudino DL, Câmara JVF, Agostinho Neto O, Santos EO, Pereira GDS, Barbosa IF. Effect of pigmenting agents on tooth enamel staining during immediate tooth whitening: an in vitro study. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2020;49:e20200045. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.04520

18. Vahedi P, Bagheri N, Khoramian Tusi S, Mohammadian M. Comparative evaluation of the effects of four types of iron supplements on primary teeth discoloration: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):1428-37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06846-x PMid:40993654 PMCid:PMC12462224

19. Aakash K, Jayakarthik SS, Mathumala S, Arunachalam M, Sathish Kumar M. Extrinsic and intrinsic staining in dentistry: mechanisms, clinical implications, and management strategies. Int J Creat Res Thoughts. 2025;14(2):1-8.

20. Irusa K, Abd Alrahaem I, Ngoc CN, Donovan T. Tooth whitening procedures: a narrative review. Dent Rev. 2022;2(3):100055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dentre.2022.100055

21. Hattab FN. Tooth Discoloration: Causes and Clinical Presentation-Part I. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2024;18(2):63-74. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10062-0187

22. Nemtoi A, Ignat A, Haba D, Nemtoi A, Sirghe A, Anchidin-Norocel L. In vitro evaluation of human teeth color differences given by food dye type. Rom J Oral Rehabil. 2024;16(1):103-15. https://doi.org/10.62610/RJOR.2024.1.16.8

23. Priya B, Arora A, Taneja S. Spectrophotometric evaluation of color stability of novel composites following exposure to antioxidant beverages: an in vitro study. J Conserv Dent Endod. 2024;27:866-72. https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_55_24 PMid:39372579 PMCid:PMC11451687

24. Tam L. Effect of potassium nitrate and fluoride on carbamide peroxide bleaching. Quintessence Int. 2001;32(10):766-70.

25. Bizhang M, Domin J, Danesh G, Zimmer S. Effectiveness of a new non-hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent after single use - a double-blind placebo-controlled short-term study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2017;25(5):575-84. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0463 PMid:29069156 PMCid:PMC5804394

26. Tadin A, Galić S, Gavić L. Assessment of Color Change, Esthetic Perception, Treatment Satisfaction, and Side Effects Following the Use of Over-the-Counter Whitening Products. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2023;57(4):300-15. https://doi.org/10.15644/asc57/4/2 PMid:38283316 PMCid:PMC10812912

27. Oliveira GM, Miguez PA, Oliveira GB, Swift Jr EJ, Farrell S, Anastasia MK, Conde E, Walter R. Safety and efficacy of a high-adhesion whitening strip under extended wear regimen. J Dent. 2013;41:46-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2012.11.019 PMid:23228500

28. Agarwal R, Vasani N, Mense US, Prasad N, Shetty A, Natarajan S, Dutta A, Thomas MS. Effects of online marketplace-sourced over-the-counter tooth whitening products on the colour, microhardness, and surface topography of enamel: an in vitro study. BDJ Open. 2024;10(1):67-76. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-024-00253-0 PMid:39179553 PMCid:PMC11344090

29. De Freitas MR, de Carvalho MM, Liporoni PCS, Fort ACB, Moura RM, Zanatta RF. Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Over-the-Counter Whitening Products on Dental Tissues. Front Dent Med. 2021;2:687507. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2021.687507