Mayan-Revollo CM, Llaguno-Rubio JM, Fiori-Chíncharo GA, Arriola-Guillén LE. Prevalence of mandibular biradicular canines using cone-beam computed tomography. A cross-sectional study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2026;18(7):e897-902.

doi:10.4317/jced.64125

___

References

1. Aljanakh MD. Restorative and Endodontic Management of a Mandibular Canine With Two Roots and Two Canals: A Case Report. Cureus. 2023;15(3):e36460. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.36460

2. Martins JNR; Worldwide Anatomy Research Group; Versiani MA. Worldwide Anatomic Characteristics of the Mandibular Canine-A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study with Meta-Analysis. J Endod. 2024;50(4):456-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.016 PMid:38280512

3. Wolf TG, Anderegg AL, Yilmaz B, Campus G. Root Canal Morphology and Configuration of the Mandibular Canine: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(19):10197. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910197 PMid:34639498 PMCid:PMC8507995

4. Li J, Parada C, Chai Y. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of tooth root development. Development. 2017;144(3):374-384. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.137216 PMid:28143844 PMCid:PMC5341797

5. Luan X, Ito Y, Diekwisch TG. Evolution and development of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. Dev Dyn. 2006;235(5):1167-80. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.20674 PMid:16450392 PMCid:PMC2734338

6. Aminsobhani M, Sadegh M, Meraji N, Razmi H, Kharazifard MJ. Evaluation of the root and canal morphology of mandibular permanent anterior teeth in an Iranian population by cone-beam computed tomography. J Dent (Tehran). 2013;10(4):358-66.

7. Piskórz M, Futyma-Gąbka K, Różyło-Kalinowska I. Prevalence of two-rooted and one-rooted mandibular canines with two root canals in Poland, assessed using CBCT: A preliminary study. Dent Med Probl. 2023;60(2):233-238. https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/147758 PMid:37341152 PMCid:PMC13163239

8. Alhumaidi AM, Mirza MB, Karobari MI, Abuelqomsan MA, Hashem Q, Aldaijy MT, Albarr NY, Aldaijy RT, Al Moaleem M. Classifying the internal anatomy of anterior teeth in the Yemeni population using two systems: a retrospective CBCT study. Odontology. 2025;113(1):416-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-024-00965-7 PMid:38935196 PMCid:PMC13163239

9. Almohaimede AA, Alqahtani AA, Alhatlani NM, Alsaloom NS, Alqahtani SA. Interpretation of Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Permanent Canines in Saudi Subpopulation: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study. Int J Dent. 2021;2021:5574512. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574512 PMid:33628245 PMCid:PMC7896851

10. Karobari MI, Parveen A, Mirza MB, Makandar SD, Nik Abdul Ghani NR, Noorani TY, Marya A. Root and Root Canal Morphology Classification Systems. Int J Dent. 2021;2021:6682189. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6682189 PMid:33679981 PMCid:PMC7910041

11. Iqbal A, Karobari MI, Alam MK, Khattak O, Alshammari SM, Adil AH, et al. Evaluation of root canal morphology in permanent maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth in Saudi subpopulation using two classification systems: a CBCT study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):171. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02187-1 PMid:35538514 PMCid:PMC9092761

12. Plascencia H, Cruz Á, Gascón G, Ramírez B, Díaz M. Mandibular Canines with Two Roots and Two Root Canals: Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Dent. 2017;2017:8459840. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8459840 PMid:29057128 PMCid:PMC5616004

13. Okumus M, Coban G. Root canal morphology of mandibular canines in a Turkish subpopulation: a CBCT study. Odovtos Int J Dent Sci. 2022;24(1):45-52.

14. Lambrianidis T, Lyroudia K, Pandelidou O, Nicolaou A. Evaluation of periapical radiographs in the recognition of C-shaped mandibular second molars. Int Endod J. 2001;34(6):458-62. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00417.x PMid:11556513

15. Soleymani A, Namaryan N, Moudi E, Gholinia A. Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Canine in an Iranian Population: A CBCT Assessment. Iran Endod J. 2017;12(1):78-82.

16. Shaiban AS, Zayed AM, Abdullah AA, Alshaya KH, Alobaid MA, Al Malwi AA, et al. Analysis of Root Canal Characteristics in Permanent Canine Teeth Among 270 Saudi Subjects: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study. Med Sci Monit. 2023;29:e940472. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.940472

17. Zhao Y, Dong YT, Wang XY, Wang ZH, Li G, Liu MQ, Fu KY. [Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of root canal configuration of 4 674 mandibular anterior teeth]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2014;46(1):95-9.

18. Pan JYY, Parolia A, Chuah SR, Bhatia S, Mutalik S, Pau A. Root canal morphology of permanent teeth in a Malaysian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(1):14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0710-z PMid:30642318 PMCid:PMC6332542

19. Mirza MB. Evaluation of root and canal morphologies of permanent canines in a Saudi Arabian sub population using cone-beam computed tomography. J Dent Sci. 2022;17(4):1626-1633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2022.03.012 PMid:36299301 PMCid:PMC9588781

20. Martins JNR, Marques D, Francisco H, Caramês J. Gender influence on the number of roots and root canal system configuration in human permanent teeth of a Portuguese subpopulation. Quintessence Int. 2018;49(2):103-111.

21. Alenezi MA, Al-Nazhan SA, Al-Omari MA. Three-dimensional evaluation of root canal morphology of maxillary first premolars: Micro-computed tomographic study. Saudi Dent J. 2022;34(7):611-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.07.004 PMid:36267529 PMCid:PMC9577341

22. Zhang Q, Ran X, Zhao Y, Qin K, Zhang Y, Cui J, Yang Y. Bilateral Symmetrical Mandibular Canines with Two Roots and Two Separate Canals: A Case Report and Literature Review. Curr Med Imaging. 2024;20:e15734056317207.

23. Ahmed HMA, Versiani MA, De-Deus G, Dummer PMH. A new system for classifying root and root canal morphology. Int Endod J. 2017 Aug;50(8):761-770. Erratum in: Int Endod J. 2018;51(10):1184. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12685 PMid:27578418

24. Roy DK, Cohen S, Singh VP, Marla V, Ghimire S. Endodontic management of mandibular canine with two roots and two canals: a rare case report. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3226-8 PMid:29422108 PMCid:PMC5806495

25. Kulkarni NR, Kamat SB, Hugar SI, Nanjannawar GS. Mandibular Canine with Two Roots and Two Root Canals - A Rare Case. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(9):ZJ07-ZJ08. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/20766.8474 PMid:27790604 PMCid:PMC5072104

26. Versiani MA, Pécora JD, Sousa-Neto MD. The anatomy of two-rooted mandibular canines determined using micro-computed tomography. Int Endod J. 2011;44(7):682-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01879.x PMid:21447139 PMCid:PMC13163239

27. Beltes P, Kantilieraki E, Kalaitzoglou ME, Beltes C, Angelopoulos C. Mandibular canines with additional roots: An ex vivo study of the external and internal morphology. Aust Endod J. 2019;45(2):184-188. https://doi.org/10.1111/aej.12305 PMid:30230103 PMCid:PMC13163239

28. Rahimi S, Milani AS, Shahi S, Sergiz Y, Nezafati S, Lotfi M. Prevalence of two root canals in human mandibular anterior teeth in an Iranian population. Indian J Dent Res. 2013;24(2):234-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.116694 PMid:23965453

29. Mustafa M, Karobari MI, Al-Maqtari AAA, Abdulwahed A, Almokhatieb AA, Almufleh LS, et al. Investigating root and canal morphology of anterior and premolar teeth using CBCT with a novel coding classification system in Saudi subpopulation. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):4392. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86277-4 PMid:39910098 PMCid:PMC11799371

30. Kolarkodi SH. The importance of cone-beam computed tomography in endodontic therapy: A review. Saudi Dent J. 2023;35(7):780-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.07.005 PMid:38025595 PMCid:PMC10658366