Goyal S, Thomas BS, Bhat KM, Bhat GS. Manual toothbrushing reinforced with audiovisual instruction versus powered toothbrushing among institutionalized mentally challenged subjects-A randomized cross-over clinical trial. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 May 1;16 (3):e359-64.

doi:10.4317/medoral.16.e359

http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.16.e359

1. Pool D. Dental care for the handicapped. Br Dent J. 1981;20;267-70.
doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4804678
PMid:6456751

2. Pinkham JR. Oral hygiene in children: relationship to age and brushing time. J Prev Dent. 1975;2:28-31.
PMid:1059764

3. Full CA, Kerber PE, Boender P, Schneberger N. Oral health maintenance of the institutionalized handicapped child. J Am Dent Assoc. 1977;94:111-3.
PMid:137249

4. Bozkurt FY, Fentoglu O, Yetkin Z. The comparison of various oral hygiene strategies in neuromuscularly disabled individuals. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2004;5:23-31.
PMid:15558087

5. Hoover JN, Singer D. Toothbrushes: manual and electric. J Can Dent Assoc. 1994;60:880-4.
PMid:7953990

6. Ashley P. Toothbrushing: why, when and how? Dent Update. 2001;28:36-40.
PMid:11819948

7. Shaw L, Maclaurin ET, Foster TD. Dental study of handicapped children attending special schools in Birmingham, UK. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1986;14:24-7.
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1986.tb01488.x
PMid:2937607

8. Mann J, Wolnerman JS, Lavie G, Carlin Y, Garfunkel AA. Periodontal treatment needs and oral hygiene for institutionalized individuals with handicapping conditions. Spec Care Dentist. 1984;4:173-6.
doi:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1984.tb00358.x
PMid:6237446

9. Pool D. Dental care for the handicapped. Br Dent J. 1981;151:267-70.
doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4804678
PMid:6456751

10. Holland TJ, O’Mullane DM. Dental treatment needs in three institutions for the handicapped. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1986;14:73-5.
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1986.tb01500.x
PMid:2938875

11. Nicolaci AB, Tesini DA. Improvement in the oral hygiene of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals through training of direct care staff: a longitudinal study. Spec Care Dentist. 1982;2:217-21.
doi:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1982.tb00059.x
PMid:6216615

12. Trulsson U, Klingberg G. Living with a child with a severe orofacial handicap: experiences from the perspectives of parents. Eur J Oral Sci. 2003;111:19-25.
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0722.2003.00001.x
PMid:12558804

13. Dinesh RB, Arnitha HM, Munshi AK. Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of handicapped individuals in South Canara, India. Int Dent J. 2003;53:13-8.
PMid:12653334

14. Heasman PA, McCracken GI. Powered toothbrushes: a review of clinical trials. J Clin Periodontol. 1999;26:407-20.
doi:10.1034/j.1600-051X.1999.260701.x
PMid:10412844

15. Spindel LM, Chauncey HH, Person P. Plaque reduction unaccompanied by gingivitis reduction. J Periodontol. 1986;57:551-4.
PMid:3463726

16. Stoltze K, Bay L. Comparison of a manual and a new electric toothbrush for controlling plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1994;21:86-90.
doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00284.x
PMid:8144738

17. Ainamo J, Xie Q, Ainamo A, Kallio P. Assessment of the effect of an oscillating/rotating electric toothbrush on oral health. A 12-month longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24:28-33.
doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1997.tb01180.x
PMid:9049794

18. Warren PR, Ray TS, Cugini M, Chater BV. A practice-based study of a power toothbrush: assessment of effectiveness and acceptance. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000;131:389-94.
PMid:10715931

19. Bratel J, Berggren U. Long-term oral effects of manual or electric toothbrushes used by mentally handicapped adults. Clin Prev Dent. 1991;13:5-7.
PMid:1832101

20. Forrest JL, Miller SA. Manual versus powered toothbrushes: a summary of the Cochrane Oral Health Group’s Systematic Review. Part II. J Dent Hyg. 2004;78:349-54.
PMid:15190692

21. Robinson PG, Deacon SA, Deery C, Heanue M, Walmsley AD, Worthington HV, et al. Manual versus powered toothbrushing for oral health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;2:CD002281.
PMid:15846633

22. Davies RM. Manual versus powered toothbrushes: what is the evidence? Dent Update. 2006;33:159-62.
PMid:16700272

23. Khocht A, Spindel L, Person P. A comparative clinical study of the safety and efficacy of three toothbrushes. J Periodontol. 1992;63:603-10.
PMid:1507038

24. Howorko N, Gutek M, Naidoo S, Hoover JN. Effectiveness of an electric toothbrush on plaque removal in periodontal patients. Am J Dent. 1993;6:49-51.
PMid:8329164

25. Barnes CM, Weatherford TW 3rd, Menaker L. A comparison of the Braun Oral-B Plaque Remover (D5) electric and a manual toothbrush in affecting gingivitis. J Clin Dent. 1993;4:48-51.
PMid:8267871

26. Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Nijboer A, Lie MA, Van der Velden U. A comparative study of electric toothbrushes for the effectiveness of plaque removal in relation to toothbrushing duration. Timerstudy. J Clin Periodontol. 1993;20:476-81.
doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1993.tb00394.x
PMid:8354721