Arias-Moliz MT, Ferrer-Luque CM, González-Rodríguez MP, Navarro-Escobar E, de Freitas MFA, Baca P. Antimicrobial activity and enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation on chlorhexidine varnishes. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012 Jul 1;17 (4):e705-9.

 

doi:10.4317/medoral.17680

http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.17680

 

 

1. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN. Clinical implications and microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedures. J Endod. 2008;34:1291-1301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2008.07.028
PMid:18928835

2. Mohammadi Z, Abbott PV. The properties and applications of chlorhexidine in endodontics. Int Endod J. 2009;42:288-302.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01540.x
PMid:19220510

3. Arias-Moliz MT, Ferrer-Luque CM, Espigares-García M, Baca P. Enterococcus faecalis biofilms eradication by root canal irrigants.
J Endod. 2009;35:711-4.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.01.018
PMid:19410089

4. Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr, Santos KR. Association of Enterococcus faecalis with different forms of periradicular diseases. J Endod. 2004;30:315-20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200405000-00004
PMid:15107642

5. Athanassiadis B, Abbott PV, Walsh LJ. The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics. Aust Dent J. 2007;52:S64-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00527.x
PMid:17546863

6. Komorowski R, Grad H, Wu XY, Friedman S. Antimicrobial substantivity of chlorhexidine-treated bovine root dentin. J Endod. 2000;26:315-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200006000-00001
PMid:11199744

7. Siqueira JF Jr, Paiva SS, Rôças IN. Reduction in the cultivable bacterial populations in infected root canals by a chlorhexidine-based antimicrobial protocol. J Endod. 2007;33:541-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.01.008
PMid:17437868

8. Malkhassian G, Manzur AJ, Legner M, Fillery ED, Manek S, Basrani BR, et al. Antibacterial efficacy of MTAD final rinse and two percent chlorhexidine gel medication in teeth with apical periodontitis: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial. J Endod. 2009;35:1483-90.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.08.003
PMid:19840635

9. Gomes BP, Sato E, Ferraz CC, Teixeira FB, Zaia AA, Souza-Filho FJ. Evaluation of time required for recontamination of coronally sealed canals medicated with calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine. Int Endod J. 2003;36:604-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00694.x
PMid:12950574

10. Puig Silla M, Montiel Company JM, Almerich Silla JM. Use of chlorhexidine varnishes in preventing and treating periodontal disease. A review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008;13:E257-60.
PMid:18379452

11. Heling I, Sommer M, Steinberg D, Friedman M, Sela MN. Microbiological evaluation of the efficacy of chlorhexidine in a sustained-release device for dentine sterilization. Int Endod J. 1992;25:15-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1992.tb00943.x
PMid:1399048

12. Huang J, Wong HL, Zhou Y, Wu XY, Grad H, Komorowski R, et al. In vitro studies and modeling of a controlled-release device for root canal therapy. J Control Release. 2000;67:293-307.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(00)00225-X

13.
Lee Y, Han SH, Hong SH, Lee JK, Ji H, Kum KY. Antimicrobial efficacy of a polymeric chlorhexidine release device using in vitro model of Enterococcus faecalis dentinal tubule infection. J Endod. 2008;34:855-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2008.04.008
PMid:18570995

14. Arends J, Duschner H, Ruben JL. Penetration of varnishes into demineralized root dentine in vitro. Caries Res. 1997;31:201-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000262399
PMid:9165191

15. Wicht MJ, Haak R, Lummert D, Noack MJ. Treatment of root caries lesions with chlorhexidine-containing varnishes and dentin sealants.
Am J Dent. 2003;16:25A-30A.
PMid:14674495

16. Baca P, Clavero J, Baca AP, González-Rodríguez MP, Bravo M, Valderrama MJ.
Effect of chlorhexidine-thymol varnish on root caries in a geriatric population: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Dent. 2009;37:679-85.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2009.05.001
PMid:19497653

17. Weiss EI, Shalhav M, Fuss Z. Assessment of antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers by a direct contact test. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1996;12:179-84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1996.tb00511.x

18.
Zhang H, Shen Y, Ruse ND, Haapasalo M. Antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers by modified direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2009;35:1051-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.04.022
PMid:19567333

19. Ceri H, Olson ME, Stremick C, Read RR, Morck D, Buret A. The Calgary Biofilm Device: new technology for rapid determination of antibiotic susceptibilities of bacterial biofilms. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:1771-6.
PMid:10325322    PMCid:84946

20. Arias-Moliz MT, Ferrer-Luque CM, González-Rodríguez MP, Valderrama MJ, Baca P. Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms by cetrimide and chlorhexidine. J Endod. 2010;36:87-90.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.10.013
PMid:20003941

21. Harrison JJ, Turner RJ, Ceri H. High-throughput metal susceptibility testing of microbial biofilms. BMC Microbiol. 2005;3:53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-5-53
PMid:16202124    PMCid:1262724

22. Attin T, Abouassi T, Becker K, Wiegand A, Roos M, Attin R. A new method for chlorhexidine (CHX) determination: CHX release after application of differently concentrated CHX-containing preparations on artificial fissures. Clin Oral Investig. 2008;12:189-96.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-007-0166-4
PMid:18057970    PMCid:3085775

23. Subramanian K, Mickel AK. Molecular analysis of persistent periradicular lesions and root ends reveals a diverse microbial profile. J Endod. 2009;35:950-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.04.010
PMid:19567313

24. Mejŕre B. Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium in infected dental root canals at filling and their susceptibility to azidocillin and some comparable antibiotics. Odontol Revy. 1975;26:193-204.
PMid:810753

25. Zehnder M, Guggenheim B. The mysterious appearance of enterococci in filled root canals. Int Endod J. 2009;42:277-87.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01537.x
PMid:19220511

26. Martín-Platero AM, Valdivia E, Maqueda M, Martínez-Bueno M. Characterization and safety evaluation of enterococci isolated from Spanish goats’ milk cheeses. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009;132:24-32.
PMid:19375810

27. Duggan JM, Sedgley CM. Biofilm formation of oral and endodontic Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2007;33:815-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.02.016
PMid:17804318

28. Davies A. The mode of action of chlorhexidine.
J Periodontal Res Suppl.1973;12:68-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1973.tb02167.x

29.
Huizinga ED, Ruben JL, Arends J. Chlorhexidine and thymol release from a varnish system. J Biol Buccale. 1991;19:343-8.
PMid:1791170

30. Sköld-Larsson K, Sollenius O, Petersson LG, Twetman S. Effect of topical applications of a novel chlorhexidine-thymol varnish formula on mutans streptococci and caries development in occlusal fissures of permanent molars.
J Clin Dent. 2009;20:223-6.
PMid:20128319