Carrard VC, van der Waal I. A clinical diagnosis of oral leukoplakia; A guide for dentists. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2018 Jan 1;23 (1):e59-64. 

 

 

doi:10.4317/medoral.22292

http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.22292

 

1. Lodi G, Franchini R, Warnakulasuriya S, Varoni EM, Sardella A, Kerr AR, et al. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;7:CD001829.
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001829.pub4

 

2. Warnakulasuriya S, Johnson NW, van der Waal I. Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007;36:575-80.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00582.x
PMid:17944749

 

3. Zegarelli DJ, Silvers DN. Shedding oral mucosa. Cutis. 1994;54:323-6.
PMid:7835059

 

4.Schiodt M, Larsen V, Bessermann M. Oral findings in glassblowers. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1980;8:195-200.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1980.tb01285.x
PMid:6936119

 

5. Natarajan E, Woo SB. Benign alveolar ridge keratosis (oral lichen simplex chronicus): A distinct clinicopathologic entity. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58:151-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2007.07.011
PMid:18158926

 

6. Mignogna MD, Fortuna G, Leuci S, Adamo D, Siano M, Makary C, et al. Frictional keratoses on the facial attached gingiva are rare clinical findings and do not belong to the category of leukoplakia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:1367-74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2010.05.087
PMid:21216078

 

7. Eversole LR, Eversole GM, Kopcik J. Sanguinaria-associated oral leukoplakia: comparison with other benign and dysplastic leukoplakic lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89:455-64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(00)70125-9

 

8. Allen CM, Blozis GG. Oral mucosal reactions to cinnamon-flavored chewing gum. J Am Dent Assoc. 1988;116:664-7.
https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1988.0003

 

9. Esteva A, Kuprel B, Novoa RA, Ko J, Swetter SM, Blau HM, et al. Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks. Nature. 2017;542:115-8.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21056
PMid:28117445