1. Al-Raeesi S, Kowash M, Hassan A, Al-Halabi M. Oral manifestations and dentofacial anomalies in β-thalassemia major children in Dubai (UAE). Spec Care Dentist. 2018;38:25-30.

https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12263

PMid:29278272 

2. Modell B, Darlison M. Global epidemiology of haemoglobin disorders and derived service indicators. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:480-7.

https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.06.036673

PMid:18568278 PMCid:PMC2647473

3. Karayilmaz H, Yalcin-Erman H, Erken-Gungor O, Ozturk Z, Felek R, Kupesiz A. Evaluation the oral hygiene conditions, oral Candida colonization and salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli density in a group of β-thalassemic children and adolescence. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2019;24:712-18.

https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.23024

PMid:31655829 PMCid:PMC6901142

4. Shah N, Khadilkar A, Ekbote V, Mughal Z, Gondhalekar K, Khadilkar S, et al. DXA and pQCT derived parameters in Indian children with beta thalassemia major - A case controlled study. Bone. 2021;143:115730.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2020.115730

PMid:33137537 

5. Vogiatzi Maria G, Macklin Eric A, Fung Ellen B, Cheung Angela M, Vichinsky E, Olivieri N, et al. Bone disease in thalassemia: a frequent and still unresolved problem. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;24:543-57.

https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.080505

PMid:18505376 PMCid:PMC3276604

6. Shuhart CR, Yeap SS, Anderson PA, Jankowski LG, Lewiecki EM, Morse LR. et al. Executive Summary of the 2019 ISCD Position Development Conference on Monitoring Treatment, DXA Cross-calibration and Least Significant Change, Spinal Cord Injury, Peri-prosthetic and Orthopedic Bone Health, Transgender Medicine, and Pediatrics. J Clin Densitom. 2019;22:453-71.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2019.07.001

PMid:31400968 

7. Klemetti E, Kolmakow S. Morphology of the mandibular cortex on panoramic radiographs as an indicator of bone quality. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 1997;26:22-5.

https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.dmfr.4600203

PMid:9446986 

8. Cakur B, Şahin A, Dagistan S, Altun O, Caglayan F, Miloglu Ö, et al. Dental panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Int Med Res. 2008;36:792-99.

https://doi.org/10.1177/147323000803600422

PMid:18652776 

9. Ledgerton D, Horner K, Devlin H, Worthington H. Radiomorphometric indices of the mandible in a British female population. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 1999;28:173-81.

https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.dmfr.4600435

PMid:10740473

10. Benson BW, Prihoda TJ, Glass BJ. Variations in adult cortical bone mass as measured by a panoramic mandibular index. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991;71:349-56.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(91)90314-3

PMid:2011361

11. Apolinário AC, Sindeaux R, de Souza Figueiredo PT, Guimarães AT, Acevedo AC, Castro LC, et al.Dental panoramic indices and fractal dimension measurements in osteogenesis imperfecta children under pamidronate treatment. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 2016;45:20150400.

https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20150400

PMid:26954289 PMCid:PMC4846176

12. Lee K, Taguchi A, Ishii K, Suei Y, Fujita M, Nakamoto T, et al. Visual assessment of the mandibular cortex on panoramic radiographs to identify postmenopausal women with low bone mineral densities. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;100:226-31.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.11.052

PMid:16037781 

13. Kato CN, Barra SG, Tavares NPk, Amaral TMp, Brasileiro CB, Mesquita RA, et al. Use of fractal analysis in dental images: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2020;49:20180457.

https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20180457

PMid:31429597 PMCid:PMC7026934

14. Sindeaux R, Souza Figueiredo PT, Melo NS de, Bittencourt Guimarães AT, Lazarte L, Pereira FB. et al. Fractal dimension and mandibular cortical width in normal and osteoporotic men and women. Maturitas. 2014;77:142-8.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.10.011

PMid:24289895 

15. Bayrak S, Bulut DG, Orhan K, Sinanoğlu EA, Kurşun-Çakmak EŞ, Mısırlı M. et al. Evaluation of osseous changes in dental panoramic radiography of thalassemia patients using mandibular indexes and fractal size analysis. Oral Radiol. 2020;36:18-24.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-019-00372-7

PMid:30680524 

16. Serindere G, Belgin CA. Evaluation of the effects of hemoglobinopathies on the mandible with fractal dimension analysis. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22:1435-40.

https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_196_19

PMid:31607736 

17. White SC, Rudolph DJ. Alterations of the trabecular pattern of the jaws in patients with osteoporosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;88:628-35.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(99)70097-1

PMid:10556761

18. Kursun-Cakmak ES, Bayrak S. Comparison of fractal dimension analysis and panoramic-based radiomorphometric indices in the assessment of mandibular bone changes in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018;126:184-91.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2018.04.010

PMid:29805101 

19. Carmo JZB, Medeiros SF. Mandibular inferior cortex erosion on dental panoramic radiograph as a sign of low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2017;39:663-69.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606622

PMid:29179241 

20. Mostafa RA, Arnout EA, Abo El-Fotouh MM. Feasibility of cone beam computed tomography radiomorphometric analysis and fractal dimension in assessment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in correlation with dual X-ray absorptiometry. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2016;45:20160212.

https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20160212

PMid:27418348 PMCid:PMC5606262

21. Mamtani M, Kulkarni H. Bone recovery after zoledronate therapy in thalassemia-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Osteoporos Int. 2010;21:183-7.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-009-0875-4

PMid:19242634 

22. Alonso CC MB, Cortes RG A, Camargo JA, Arita SE, Haiter-Neto F, Watanabe A CP. Assessment of panoramic radiomorphometric indices of the mandible in a Brazilian population. ISRN Rheumatol. 2011;2011: 854287.

https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/854287

PMid:22389803 PMCid:PMC3263751

23. Amorim M AL, Takayama L, Jorgetti V, Pereira MA R. Comparative study of axial and femoral bone mineral density and parameters of mandibular bone quality in patients receiving dental implants. Osteoporos Int. 2007;18:703-9.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-006-0295-7

PMid:17506127