1. Smith DM, Bykowski MR, Cray JJ, Naran S, Rottgers SA, Shakir S, et al. 215 Mandible fractures in 120 children: demographics, treatment, outcomes, and early growth data. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;131:1348-58.

https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e31828bd503

PMid:23714795 

2.Wheeler J, Phillips J. Pediatric facial fractures and potential long-term growth disturbances. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2011;4:43-52.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1272901

PMid:22379506 PMCid:PMC3208338

3.Zhao YM, Yang J, Bai RC, Ge LH, Zhang Y. A retrospective study of using removable occlusal splint in the treatment of condylar fracture in children. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014;42:1078-82.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2012.07.010

PMid:22939640 

4.Vincent AG, Ducic Y, Kellman R. Fractures of the Mandibular Condyle. Facial Plast Surg. 2019;35:623-6.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700888

PMid:31783418 

5.Shiju M, Rastogi S, Gupta P, Kukreja S, Thomas R, Bhugra AK, et al. Fractures of the mandibular condyle--Open versus closed--A treatment dilemma. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43:448-51.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2015.01.012

PMid:25726918 

6.Barbosa AA, Mariano RC. Open Reduction in Pediatric Condylar Fracture. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28:e289-92.

https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000003538

PMid:28468225 

7.McGoldrick DM, Parmar P, Williams R, Monaghan A, McMillan K. Management of Pediatric Condyle Fractures. J Craniofac Surg. 2019;30:2045-7.

https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000005787

PMid:31369504 

8.Lekven N, Neppelberg E, Tornes K. Long-term follow-up of mandibular condylar fractures in children. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:2853-9.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2011.03.019

PMid:21676511 

9. Theologie-Lygidakis N, Chatzidimitriou K, Tzerbos F, Gouzioti A, Iatrou I. Nonsurgical management of condylar fractures in children: A 15-year clinical retrospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016;44:85-93.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2015.11.011

PMid:26740368 

10. Choi J, Oh N, Kim IK. A follow-up study of condyle fracture in children. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34:851-8.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2005.04.005

PMid:15921889 

11. Chrcanovic BR. Open versus closed reduction: mandibular condylar fractures in children. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;16:245-55.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-012-0344-7

PMid:22842853 

12. Landes CA, Day K, Glasl B, Ludwig B, Sader R, Kovács AF. Prospective evaluation of closed treatment of nondisplaced and nondislocated mandibular condyle fractures versus open reposition and rigid fixation of displaced and dislocated fractures in children. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;66:1184-93.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2007.06.667

PMid:18486783 

13.Chang SP, Yang Y, Shi LQ, Liu YW, Liu Y, Ma Q. Modification of the measurement of the major variables in mandibular condylar fractures: angulation of sidewards displacement and shortening of the height of the ramus. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;56:113-9.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.12.003

PMid:29310844 

14.Boyette JR. Facial fractures in children. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2014;47:747-61.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2014.06.008

PMid:25213281 

15.Andrew TW, Morbia R, Lorenz HP. Pediatric Facial Trauma. Clin Plast Surg. 2019;46:239-47.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2018.11.008

PMid:30851755 

16.Luo S, Li B, Long X, Deng M, Cai H, Cheng Y. Surgical treatment of sagittal fracture of mandibular condyle using long-screw osteosynthesis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:1988-94.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2010.10.020

PMid:21292375 

17.Neff A, Kolk A, Deppe H, Horch HH. New aspects for indications of surgical management of intra-articular and high temporomandibular dislocation fractures. Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie: MKG. 1999;3:24-9.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s100060050088

PMid:10077964 

18.Weinberg FM, Speksnijder CM, Forouzanfar T, Rosenberg AJWP. Articular soft tissue injuries associated with mandibular condyle fractures and the effects on oral function. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;48:746-58.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2019.01.025

PMid:30773333 

19.Yamashita Y, Inoue M, Aijima R, Danjo A, Goto M. Three-dimensional evaluation of healing joint morphology after closed treatment of condylar fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;45:292-6.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2015.09.019

PMid:26474931 

20.Tripathi R, Sharma N, Dwivedi AN, Kumar S. Severity of Soft Tissue Injury Within the Temporomandibular Joint Following Condylar Fracture as Seen on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Impact on Outcome of Functional Management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;73:2379.e1-7.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2015.09.003

PMid:26428614 

21.Liu M, He Y, Lei J, Zhao Y, An J, Zhang Y. Acute Intra-Articular Soft Tissue Injury as Seen on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Association With Condylar Fracture Dislocation in Children. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;77:2503-11.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2019.07.003

PMid:31401026 

22. Chang S, Yang Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang W, Ma Q. How Does the Remodeling Capacity of Children Affect the Morphologic Changes of Fractured Mandibular Condylar Processes After Conservative Treatment? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;76:1279.e1-7.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2018.01.029

PMid:29549019 

23. Bruckmoser E, Undt G. Management and outcome of condylar fractures in children and adolescents: a literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012;114:S86-106.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2011.08.003

PMid:23063399 

24. Liu S, Tian L, Ding M, Liu Y, Li G, Chen J, et al. The effect of extracapsular injuries on growth and development of the mandible condyle: an experimental study in growing dogs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016;122:e131-45.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2016.05.024

PMid:27527388 

25.Toledo LG, Cavalcanti SCXB, Corrêa L, Luz JGC. Effects of injury or removal of the articular disc on maxillomandibular growth in young rats. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72:2140-7.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.445

PMid:25438273