Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Pérez-Jardón A, González-González A, Ibáñez-Lafuente-de-Mendoza I, Caponio VCA, Chauca-Bajaña LA, Segura-Cueva KA, Pérez-Sayáns M. Recurrence of localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia following surgical excision: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2026 Jan 1;31 (1):e124-e131.

doi:10.4317/medoral.27622

https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.27622


1. Darling MR, Daley TD, Wilson A, Wysocki GP. Juvenile spongiotic gingivitis. J Periodontol. 2007;78(7):1235-1240
https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.060502
PMid:17608578

2. Chang JYF, Kessler HP, Wright JM. Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106(3):411-418
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.04.024
PMid:18602289

3. Gilligan G, Molina Ávila I, Sosa P, Frascaroli F, Martín R, Liandro MF, et al. Clinical and aetiological factors in spongiotic gingival hyperplasia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2025;(online ahead of print):S2212-4403(25)-01047-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2025.05.003
PMid:40518365

4. Theofilou VI, Pettas E, Georgaki M, Daskalopoulos A, Nikitakis NG. Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia: Microscopic variations and proposed change to nomenclature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2021;131(3):329-338
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2020.10.024
PMid:33309266

5. Argyris PP, Nelson AC, Papanakou S, Merkourea S, Tosios KI, Koutlas IG. Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia featuring unusual p16INK4A labeling and negative human papillomavirus status by polymerase chain reaction. J Oral Pathol Med. 2015;44(1):37-44
https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12214
PMid:25065444

6. Vargo RJ, Bilodeau EA. Reappraising localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia. J Am Dent Assoc. 2019;150(2):147-153.e2
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2018.10.001
PMid:30528764

7. Lafuente Ibáñez de Mendoza I, Alberdi Navarro J, Marichalar Mendia X, Mosqueda Taylor A, Aguirre Urizar JM. Characterization of juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia as an entity of odontogenic origin. J Periodontol. 2019;90(12):1490-1495
https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.19-0022
PMid:31294824

8. Decani S, Lodi G, Sardella A, Varoni EM. Localised juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia: A case of spontaneous resolution and a literature review. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2021;22(2):159-162
https://doi.org/10.23804/ejpd.2021.22.02.14
PMid:34238009

9. Delli K, Doff JJ, Vissink A, Spijkervet FKL. Localised (juvenile) spongiotic hyperplasia of the gingiva; a less common lesion. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. 2017;124:77-80
https://doi.org/10.5177/ntvt.2017.02.16205
PMid:28186511

10. Goldberg AS, Fatahzadeh M, Bortnik V, Drew H. Novel treatment approach of localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia with use of Nd:YAG laser. Clin Adv Periodontics. 2023;13(3):253-257
https://doi.org/10.1002/cap.10241
PMid:36811293

11. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
PMid:33782057 PMCid:PMC8005924

12. Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, Savović J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS-I: A tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4919
PMid:27733354 PMCid:PMC5062054

13. Ioannidis JPA. Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med. 2005;2:e124
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124
PMid:16060722 PMCid:PMC1182327

14. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21(11):1539-1558
https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186
PMid:12111919

15. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557-560
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
PMid:12958120 PMCid:PMC192859

16. Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629-634
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
PMid:9310563 PMCid:PMC2127453

17. Thompson SG, Sharp SJ. Explaining heterogeneity in meta-analysis: A comparison of methods. Stat Med. 1999;18:2693-2708
https://doi.org/10.1002
PMid:10521860

18. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG. Controlling the risk of spurious findings from meta-regression. Stat Med. 2004;23:1663-1682
https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1752
PMid:15160401

19. Solomon LW, Trahan WR, Snow JE. Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia: A report of 3 cases. Pediatr Dent. 2013;35(4):360-363
PMid:23930637

20. Siamantas I, Kalogirou E, Tosios KI, Fourmousis I, Sklavounou A. Spongiotic gingival hyperplasia synchronously involving multiple sites: Case report and review. Head Neck Pathol. 2018;12(4):517-521
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-018-0903-9
PMid:29512024 PMCid:PMC6232213

21. Kalogirou E, Chatzidimitriou K, Tosios KI, Piperi EP, Sklavounou A. Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia: Report of two cases. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;41(3):228-231
https://doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-41.3.228
PMid:28422590

22. Yang J, Zeng X, Wu Y, Zhao H. Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia: A case report. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2024;42(5):667-670
https://doi.org/10.7518/hxkq.2024.2024023
PMid:39304511

23. Roberts EP, Schuster GM, Haub S. Case report of spongiotic gingivitis in an adult male treated with novel 9,300 nanometer carbon dioxide laser low energy ablation. J Am Dent Assoc. 2022;153(1):67-73
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2021.05.019
PMid:34404520

24. MacNeill SR, Rokos JW, Umaki MR, Satheesh KM, Cobb CM. Conservative treatment of localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia. Clin Adv Periodontics. 2011;1(3):199-204
https://doi.org/10.1902/cap.2011.110003

25. Nogueira VKC, Fernandes D, Navarro CM, Giro EMA, de Almeida LY, León JE, Bufalino A. Cryotherapy for localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia: Preliminary findings on two cases. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2017;27(3):231-235
https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12278
PMid:27914098

26. Innocentini LMAR, Santos TT, Reis MBL, Mandetta CdMR, Santos RMC, Mesquita RA, da Silva TA, Grossmann SMC, Lemos CA, Grisi MFM, León JE, Motta ACF. Juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia: Clinicopathological features of eight cases and a literature review. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2020;18(1):953-958
https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.a45435
PMid:33215486

27. Vieira DL, Leite AF, Figueiredo PTdS, Vianna LM, Moreira Mesquita CR, de Melo NS. A conservative approach for localized spongiotic gingivitis hyperplasia using photodynamic therapy: A case report and review. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019;37(1):57-61
https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2018.4454
PMid:31050937

28. Viechtbauer W, Cheung MWL. Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2010;1:112-125
https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.11
PMid:26061377

29. Higgins JPT. Commentary: Heterogeneity in meta-analysis should be expected and appropriately quantified. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37:1158-1160
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyn204
PMid:18832388

30. Hernán MA, Hernández Díaz S, Robins JM. A structural approach to selection bias. Epidemiology. 2004;15(6):615-625
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000135174.63482.43
PMid:15308962